Peel and Stick Wallpaper

Succulents bring a sense of serenity to the spaces they inhabit and the Dahlia cactus is a household favorite with its beautiful quilled petals radiating from the center of the plant.

Wrap your walls in tranquility with Zen Dahlia in lovely tonal shades of taupe and earthy blues; a calming statement for any room in the home. Peel and stick wallpapers are an easy and affordable way to decore; simply peel off the paper backing and smooth onto the wall. When it's time to redecorate, remove in full strips with no remaining sticky residue or damage to walls.

Use our Zen Dahlia Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Easily installed
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Backed by peel and stick technology 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA

Drop Match

This pattern has a drop match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Bring luxurious texture to your space with this peel and stick wallpaper!

Printed with raised inks to look and feel like traditional grasscloth, this renter-friendly and removable product is the perfect touch of natural dimension for any space. Installation is as simple as Peel, Stick...Done!® Neutral Dimensional Grasscloth Peel and Stick Wallpaper comes on one roll that measures 20.5 inches wide by 18 feet long.

Use our Dimensional Grasscloth Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Easily installed
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Backed by peel and stick technology 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA

This pattern has a random match.

Give walls an abstract touch with our Aztec Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

With a style inspired by modern art, these irregular geometric shapes lend themselves to the appearance of tribal texture. While the surface is smooth, this peel and stick wallpaper pattern's artisanal look adds an easy, Bohemian vibe to your space.

Use our Aztec Peel and Stick Wallpaper on:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Great for bedrooms and other living spaces
• Perfect for making large-scale statements
• Easily installed
• Backed by peel and stick technology
• 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Printed on high-quality vinyl

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 25 inches or 63.5 centimeters.

Walls get a fresh update with our Floral Sprig Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

For the home decorator who is looking for subtlety, these soft florals give your walls the oh so perfect touch of grace and elegance. With an organic feel designed into the pattern, turn your home into a cozy cottage with these fresh florals.

Use our Floral Sprig Peel and Stick Wallpaper on:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Great for bedrooms and other living spaces
• Perfect for making large-scale statements
• Easily installed
• Backed by peel and stick technology
• 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Printed on high-quality vinyl

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Walls take on an antique charm with Tin Tile Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Designed with a weathered look, this peel and stick wallpaper pattern brings a unique patina to any space. Great in kitchens, bathrooms, living spaces and more, make your home look like a rustic farmhouse. Available in two colors, this peel and stick wallpaper is quick and easy to install. Simply cut to size, remove the backing, and stick to any smooth surface.

Our revolutionary peel and stick technology guarantees that our removable wallpaper is safe for walls. When its time to remove, simply pull down in full sheets: no sticky residue or damage left behind. Great for long-term or temporary decorating, our high-quality vinyl substrate is great for rentals and dorms. With Tin Tile Peel and Stick Wallpaper, giving your home a rustic farmhouse flair is easy and affordable.

Our Tin Tile Peel and Stick Wallpaper features:

• Weathered, country design
• Use in Kitchens, bathrooms, living rooms, and more
• Quick and easy to install
• Cut to size
• Peel away backing
• Stick to wall
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Guaranteed removable
• Pull down in full sheets
• Save for walls
• No damage left behind
• Long-term or temporary decor
• High-quality vinyl
• Use in rentals and dorms
• Made in USA
• 20.5 inches wide x 16.5 feet long
• Covers 28.18 square feet

Drop Match

This pattern has a drop match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Captivate the look and feel of a nature-inspired forest in any room with Watercolor Leaves Peel and Stick Wallpaper by RoomMates.

Simple and affordable, give walls, decor and accessories a refreshing transformation with very little effort. Great for DIY projects, temporary home decorating and more, Peel and Stick Wallpaper transforms any space or decor in minutes. Simply peel from the backing and stick to any clean flat surface. When it's time to redecorate, remove in full strips without damaging painted walls or leaving any sticky residue behind. Bring the glories of nature into your home with Peel and Stick Wallpaper from RoomMates.

Use our Watercolor Leaves Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
  
• Great for bedrooms and other living spaces
• Perfect for making large-scale statements
• Easily installed
• Backed by peel and stick technology
• 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Printed on high-quality vinyl

Drop Match

This pattern has a drop match of 18 inches or 45.72 centimeters.

Turn walls into a restful retreat with Watercolor Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

A serene space comes to life with Watercolor Peel and Stick Wallpaper. Designed with a soft, natural color palette, Peel and Stick Wallpaper instantly changes the atmosphere of a room while remaining fast, fun and affordable.

With our quick and easy application process, get ready to experience the easiest wallpaper yet. Printed on a high quality removable and repositionable backing, peel and stick to apply. Peel off to remove. No paste and no mess. Sticky residue is never left behind. Perfect for an accent wall, entire room DIY projects and more, try Peel and Stick Wallpaper today!

Our Watercolor Peel and Stick Wallpaper includes the following:

• Features calm watercolor tones
• Peel and stick application
• Easy to apply
• Easy removal
• Perfect for accent walls and DIY projects
• No sticky residue left behind
• Reposition as needed
• Printed on high quality vinyl
• Made in the USA
• Perfect for renters and homeowners

Transform Walls and Decor Peel and Stick Wallpaper

Drop Match

This pattern has a drop match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Enjoy the timeless beauty of cherry blossoms in your space with this peel and stick wallpaper print!

Blossoming cherry trees reach to the sky over a black backdrop. Blossom Stripe Black Peel and Stick Wallpaper comes on one roll that measures 20.5 inches wide by 18 feet long.

• Black peel and stick wallpaper by RoomMates Decor featuring imagery of cherry blossom trees
• Peel and stick to apply, pull up to remove
• RoomMates Peel and Stick Wallpaper is safe for walls and leaves no sticky residue behind
• Easily repositionable while installing
• RoomMates sticks to any smooth, flat surface - perfect for DIY projects
• Ideal for rental or home decorating
• Comes on a 20.5-in x 18-ft roll and covers about 30.8 sq. ft
• Design repeat of 20.5-in
• This product should NOT be applied to textured walls - smooth clean, dry, painted surface only (no Non-Stick paint or soap residue)

Introduce a whimsical bohemian accent to your space with this peel and stick wallpaper designed by EttaVee!

This print features a variety of painterly tropical motifs including trees, leaves, and celestial bodies atop a solid color backdrop. Installation is as simple as Peel, Stick...Done!® Nuit Tropicale Peel and Stick Wallpaper comes on one roll that measures 20.5 inches wide by 18 feet long.

Use our Nuit Tropicale Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Easily installed
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Backed by peel and stick technology 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA

Drop Match

This pattern has a half- drop match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Equal parts playful and colorful, this butterfly peel and stick wallpaper designed by EttaVee adds a whimsical accent to any space!

Multicolor butterflies flutter atop a solid color backdrop. Installation is as simple as Peel, Stick...Done!® Papillon Peel and Stick Wallpaper comes on one roll that measures 20.5 inches wide by 18 feet long.

Use our Papillon Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Easily installed
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Backed by peel and stick technology 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA

Drop Match

This pattern has a half-drop match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Perfect for any Game of Thrones fan, this officially licensed peel and stick wallpaper will bring regal, medieval spirit to your space.

Featuring sigils for the Houses: Targaryen, Greyjoy, Lannister, Baratheon, Tyrell, and Stark, and the Iron Throne, this peel and stick wallpaper is an instant hit for all-in fans. Installation is as simple as Peel, Stick...Done!® Multicolor Game of Thrones House Sigils Peel and Stick Wallpaper comes on one roll that measures 18 inches wide by 18.86 feet long.

Use our Game Of Thrones House Sigils Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Easily installed
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Backed by peel and stick technology 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Officially Licensed by Warner Brothers

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 18 inches or 45.72 centimeters.

Give your space a glamorous renovation with Snake Skin Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Fabulous and chic, this peel and stick wallpaper is perfect for a modern interior. Designed for long-term or temporary decorating, simply peel and stick to any smooth surface. Printed on a high-quality substrate, wallpaper is 100% removable and won't damage your space. With no sticky residue, use for updating walls, reviving furniture, or completing your next DIY project. With multiple color schemes to fit every personality, give your space a high-rise makeover in just a few easy steps.

Our Snake Skin Peel and Stick Wallpaper features:

• Glamorous design
• Easy application
• Peel and stick
• Removal guaranteed
• Reposition as often as needed
• No sticky residue guarantee
• Includes one sheet 20.5 inches x 20.5 feet
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Manufactured in the USA

Enrich any space with our Snake Skin Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 10.25 inches or 26.035 centimeters.

The bold Southwest Geometric Peel and Stick Wallpaper creates a desert atmosphere in your home.

Whether you gravitate to decor inspired by the Wild West or the shapes of the Southwest culture speaks to you, this attractive removable wallpaper beautifully showcases the traditional woven art with subtle metallic of native desert tribes. Peel and stick wallpaper make it easy to apply and reposition, and when it's time to redecorate again, removal is a snap. Since there's no sticky gumminess, residue or any markings at all after you pull it off, removable wallpaper is a great alternative for people who rent their space and want to transform it without doing any permanent damage.

Use our Southwest Geometric Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Metallic
• Great for bedrooms and other living spaces
• Perfect for making large-scale statements
• Easily installed
• Backed by peel and stick technology
• 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Printed on high-quality vinyl

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Turn walls fabulous with RoomMates Trellis Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Achieve this elegant and bold look without having to hire a contractor or using heavy machinery. Our Trellis temporary wallpaper is repositionable and removable without leaving sticky residue or mess

Perfect for walls, furniture, DIY projects, and more, get inspired by this revolutionary peel and stick wallpaper. Designed with a fashionable gold trellis pattern, completely change the look of a room in minutes. Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is as easy to apply and as it is to remove. Simply peel off the backing and stick to the wall to apply. Peel off the wall to remove in seconds. This is a high quality removable and repositionable wallpaper as you've never experienced.

Our Trellis Peel and Stick Wallpaper include the following:

• Chic trellis design
• Easy to work with
• Peel and stick application
• Update a room in minutes
• Recommended for smooth surfaces, accent walls, and DIY projects
• Removable
• Repositionable
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Sticky residue is never left behind
• No paste needed
• Made in the USA
• Perfect for renters and homeowners

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 10.25 inches or 26.03 centimeters.

Be inspired by menswear with Tweed Plaid Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Plaid and tweed collide for the perfect mix of masculine style and texture. Thick lines criss-cross to form a classic plaid pattern while thin, intermittent lines create a tweed effect. Based on fabric used in vintage suits, these warm tones fit in an office, bedroom, living room or den.

Use our Tweed Plaid Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Great for bedrooms and other living spaces
• Perfect for making large-scale statements
• Easily installed
• Backed by peel and stick technology
• 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Printed on high-quality vinyl

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 22 inches or 55.88 centimeters.

Create a spa feel with CatCoq Eucalyptus Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Hand painted by world traveling artist Cat Coquillette, this watercolor design was inspired by the sights and smells of her many journeys. Based on the shimmery leaves of the eucalyptus plant, the pattern brings a sense of nature's calm to any space.

Use our CatCoq Eucalyptus Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Great for bedrooms and other living spaces
• Perfect for making large-scale statements
• Easily installed
• Backed by peel and stick technology
• 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Printed on high-quality vinyl

Drop Match

This pattern has a drop match of 24 inches or 60.69 centimeters.

CatCoq is an illustration and design brand founded by Cat Coquillette, a world-traveling artist with a passion for collecting creative inspiration from her firsthand observations and encounters around the world.

© CatCoq LLC

Create a spa feel with CatCoq Eucalyptus Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Hand painted by world traveling artist Cat Coquillette, this watercolor design was inspired by the sights and smells of her many journeys. Based on the shimmery leaves of the eucalyptus plant, the pattern brings a sense of nature's calm to any space.

Use our CatCoq Eucalyptus Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Great for bedrooms and other living spaces
• Perfect for making large-scale statements
• Easily installed
• Backed by peel and stick technology
• 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Printed on high-quality vinyl

Drop Match

This pattern has a drop match of 24 inches or 60.69 centimeters.

CatCoq is an illustration and design brand founded by Cat Coquillette, a world-traveling artist with a passion for collecting creative inspiration from her firsthand observations and encounters around the world.

© CatCoq LLC

Based on the nonlinear manner of life, this peel and stick wallpaper designed by Emily Shaw (@emilyrayna) brings the organic nature of the individual's journey to your walls.

A black labyrinth of geometrics coasts over a charcoal backdrop. Black Pathways Peel and Stick Wallpaper comes on one roll that measures 20.5 inches wide by 18 feet long.

Use our Emily Rayna Pathways Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Easily installed
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Backed by peel and stick technology 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Officially Licensed by Emily Rayna

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Transform a wall like never before with Distressed Wood Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Beautiful wood planks come alive with RoomMates revolutionary Peel and Stick Wallpaper. Inspired by the look of real rustic wood, renovate walls in just a few hours with this authentic design.

Completely removable, create a statement wall or makeover an area in a room. Just measure, peel and stick! Remove and realign if needed without damaging the walls.

Plus, not only for walls, Distressed Wood Peel and Stick Wallpaper is perfect for DIY. Decorate doors, entryways, cabinets, stairs, furniture, frames, mirrors, and more. This is the coolest and easiest wallpaper you'll ever hang and remove!

Our Distressed Wood Peel and Stick Wallpaper features:

• One sheet 20.5 inches wide x 16.5 ft
• Just peel and stick
• No mess application
• Fast, fun and easy
• Apply to any smooth, flat surface including walls, furniture, photos frames and more
• Repositionable
• Reuse from one project to the next
• A DIY must have
• Printed on high quality vinyl
• Made in the USA
• Peel to remove instantly
• Perfect for renters and homeowners

Drop Match

This pattern has a drop match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Decorate with Dream Big Script Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Do more of what makes you happy. Smile often. Live Loud. Prepare to get inspired with RoomMates Dream Big Script Peel and Stick Wallpaper.

Soft, gold script featuring motivational phrases comes to life in minutes on any wall or smooth, flat surface. The easiest wallpaper you'll ever hang, just peel and stick to apply. Peel off to remove while keeping walls clean. Innovative and easy, Script Peel and Stick Wallpaper is the go-to resource for updating walls, DIY projects and more.

Our Dream Big Script Peel and Stick Wallpaper includes the following:

• Peel and stick application
• No mess
• Instant room makeover
• Use on smooth surfaces, accent walls, DIY projects and more
• Simply peel down to remove
• Sticky residue is never left behind
• Removable and repositionable as often as needed
• Printed on high quality vinyl
• Made in the USA
• Perfect for renters and homeowners

Drop Match

This pattern has a drop match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Our Herringbone Wood Boards Peel and Stick Wallpaper is just what you need to break up the monotony of your walls.

Get the look of a wood accent wall in a herringbone pattern with our removable wallpaper. This wood pattern lends itself to Scandinavian and farmhouse styles. Its unique patina creates a feeling of history and heritage in any living space, bedroom, or home office. You can fill up any space with this attractive pattern in an eye-catching look that you're sure to love.

Use our Herringbone Wood Boards Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Great for bedrooms and other living spaces
• Perfect for making large-scale statements
• Easily installed
• Backed by peel and stick technology
• 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Printed on high-quality vinyl

Drop Match

This pattern has a drop match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Traditional style does not have to mean traditional installation!

This peel and stick wallpaper features a traditional damask pattern, perfect for creating an elegant space. Installation is as simple as Peel, Stick...Done!®

Use our Damask Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Easily installed
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Backed by peel and stick technology 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Bring a dimensional natural touch to your space with this textured print.

Raised beige inks create the look and feel of spread plaster on this peel and stick wallpaper. Installation is as simple as Peel, Stick...Done!® Beige Dimensional Square Plaster Peel and Stick Wallpaper comes on one roll that measures 20.5 inches wide by 18 feet long.

Use our Dimensional Square Plaster Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Easily installed
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Backed by peel and stick technology 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 20.8 inches or 52.83 centimeters.

Sophisticated and cosmopolitan with a touch of coastal resort, the Cape Town peel and stick wallpaper by Nikki Chu for RoomMates is a wonderful representation of this important South African seaside city that inspired it.

Contemporary blocks and rectangles in soft blush pink tones are meshed together for an update on the geometric motif for homes that span styles from boho to urban chic. As with all RoomMates peel and stick wallpapers and murals, the installation is as easy as it is affordable and removes with ease when it's time to redecorate. Nikki Chu's design philosophy is to create personalized, comfortable, stylish spaces with a touch of glamour and a mix of modern, updated with ethnic touches, for timeless style with unique vision. Her fashion-fused style brings affordable luxury to homes.

Use our Capetown Peel and Stick Wallpaper in:

• Bedrooms
• Living Rooms
• Offices
• Bathrooms
• Dorms
• Furniture
• Electronics
• Appliances
• And so much more!

Our Peel and Stick Wallpaper is:

• Repositionable
• Easily installed
• Printed on high-quality vinyl
• Backed by peel and stick technology 100% safe for walls
• Guaranteed removable in full strips
• Best on smooth, clean surfaces
• Made in the USA
• Officially Licensed by Jewel

Straight Match

This pattern has a straight match of 20.5 inches or 52.07 centimeters.

Canadian-born designer; Nikki Chu's philosophy is to create spaces that are personalized, comfortable, and stylish -- with touches of glamour. She mixes modern lines with updated and simplified ethnic patterns to create her unique Global Glam vision. Her fashion-fused style offers sophisticated designs that represent the best of today's trends in easy, livable,go-to items that effortlessly layer into anyone's home.

œMy goal is to design an aspirational and attainable assortment of elevated, livable furniture, textiles and home decor that asserts style and comfort, while offering amazing value. I typically work with neutral color palettes that allows my products to work with any decor style, because as a designer I like layering texture and patterns."